The conductors between a voltage source and a load are called lines, and the voltage between any two lines is called line voltage. Small loads often use only a two-wire single-phase circuit, which may be derived from a three-phase system. Three-phase power is mainly used directly to power large motors and other heavy loads. As an AC system it allows the voltages to be easily stepped up using transformers to high voltage for transmission, and back down for distribution, giving high efficiency.Ī three-wire 3Φ circuit is usually more economical than an equivalent two-wire single-phase (1Φ) circuit at the same line to ground voltage because it uses less conductor material to transmit a given amount of electrical power. Three-phase power works by the voltage and currents being 120 degrees out of phase on the three wires. Three-phase electrical power was developed in the 1880s by multiple people. It is a type of polyphase system employing 3 wires (or 4 including an optional neutral return wire) and is the most common method used by electrical grids worldwide to transfer power. Three-phase electric power (abbreviated 3Φ) is a common type of alternating current used in electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. Three-phase transformer with four wire output for 208Y/120 volt service: one wire for neutral, others for A, B and C phases
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